This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of a physical fitness
training model for middle-aged people aged 45 to 55 years old. The research used
a Research and Development (R&D) design based on the Borg and Gall model. A
total of 80 eligible participants from Xinxiang, Henan Province were selected and
randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 40 subjects
in each group.
A 12-week intervention was implemented, with 3 training sessions per week
and approximately 30 minutes per session. The experimental group received a
systematically designed physical fitness training model focusing on
cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and balance & core
stability under professional guidance. The control group performed a conventional
community fitness program with independent training and no targeted guidance.
After data collection, no missing data were found. Descriptive statistics,
normality tests, and the Shapiro-Wilk test revealed that the Ngain_Score data of
physical fitness indicators were not normally distributed (p < 0.05) in both groups,
mainly due to extreme outliers. Therefore, non-parametric tests were applied
instead of parametric tests.
The Mann-Whitney U test results showed a statistically significant difference
in the Ngain_Score between the two groups (U = 322.000, Z = -4.600, p < 0.001).
The experimental group had a significantly higher mean rank and greater
improvement in physical fitness than the control group.
It can be concluded that the developed physical fitness training model is
effective and feasible for improving the physical fitness of individuals aged 45–55
years. This model is scientifically based and can be recommended as a practical
fitness program for the middle-aged population.
Keywords: Models, Exercises, Fitness for 45 to 55 years old

2026000209sha

PENJAS/sin SHA 2026

Perpustakaan Sekolah Pascasarjana UNJ

Available